Amblyomma americanum, commonly known as the lone star tick, is a parasitic tick widely distributed across the southeastern and eastern United States. Named for the distinctive white “star” on the backs of adult female ticks, it feeds on the blood of animals and humans. The lone star tick is a known vector for ehrlichiosis, a bacterial infection caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis and other Ehrlichia species. This tick has also been associated with other health risks, such as alpha-gal syndrome (a red meat allergy) triggered by its bite.
Ehrlichiosis begins with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue, typically appearing within 1 to 2 weeks after a tick bite. If left untreated, the infection can progress to more severe complications, such as respiratory distress, neurological symptoms, or organ failure, especially in immunocompromised individuals. In some cases, a distinctive rash may also develop.
Treatment for ehrlichiosis involves prompt administration of the antibiotic doxycycline, which is most effective when given early in the course of the disease. Preventing lone star tick bites is essential and includes using insect repellents containing DEET, wearing protective clothing, and thoroughly checking the body for ticks after outdoor activities. Early detection and removal of ticks help minimize the risk of infection and ensure better health outcomes.
