Blastomyces dermatitidis is a soil-dwelling fungus that causes blastomycosis, an infection commonly found in regions of North America, particularly in the southeastern and south-central United States, as well as areas around the Great Lakes and the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys. The fungus thrives in moist soil and decomposing organic material, such as wood and leaves. Infection occurs when people inhale Blastomyces spores, which travel to the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body if untreated.
Blastomycosis often starts with flu-like respiratory symptoms, including fever, cough, chest pain, fatigue, and muscle aches. In more severe cases, the infection can progress, spreading to the skin, bones, and central nervous system, leading to skin lesions, bone pain, and neurological complications. If untreated, disseminated blastomycosis can be life-threatening, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
Treatment for blastomycosis typically involves antifungal medications, with itraconazole being the preferred option for mild to moderate cases. In more severe cases, or when the infection has spread, amphotericin B may be required. Preventive measures include avoiding activities that disturb soil in endemic areas, especially for immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for effective management and to prevent severe complications.
