Isospora belli is a protozoan parasite that causes isosporiasis, a diarrheal disease commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV/AIDS. The infection typically results in watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss. In severe cases, the parasite can cause malabsorption and dehydration, which may be life-threatening without treatment. Isospora belli is primarily transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water, and outbreaks are more common in regions with poor sanitation.
Treatment of isosporiasis with medications like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) can effectively clear the infection and relieve symptoms. In immunocompromised patients, long-term prophylaxis may be necessary to prevent relapse. Ensuring access to clean water and improved sanitation is vital for reducing the risk of infection, leading to better gastrointestinal health and reducing the burden on vulnerable populations.
