Pediculus humanus capitis, commonly known as head lice, are small parasitic insects that infest the scalp and hair, causing a condition called pediculosis capitis. These parasites feed on human blood and are spread through direct head-to-head contact or by sharing personal items like hats, combs, or pillows. Head lice are particularly common among school-aged children and in crowded environments where close contact is frequent.
Pediculosis capitis causes intense itching due to allergic reactions to the saliva of the lice. Scratching can lead to scalp irritation, secondary bacterial infections, and disrupted sleep. While head lice do not transmit diseases, the discomfort and social stigma associated with the infestation can cause emotional distress, particularly in children.
Treatment involves the use of topical insecticides such as permethrin or pyrethrin, as well as non-chemical treatments like wet combing with fine-toothed combs to remove lice and nits (eggs). In resistant cases, oral medications may be prescribed. Preventing reinfestation requires washing bedding and clothing in hot water and educating families and communities about avoiding the sharing of personal items.