Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic trematode (fluke) that causes schistosomiasis, particularly affecting the intestines and liver. It is most commonly found in regions of East Asia, including China, the Philippines, and parts of Indonesia. The parasite’s life cycle involves freshwater snails, which release infectious larvae (cercariae) into water sources. These larvae penetrate human skin upon contact with contaminated water.
Once inside the human body, Schistosoma japonicum migrates to blood vessels in the intestines and liver, where it matures into adult worms. These worms produce eggs, which can lodge in tissues, causing inflammation and tissue damage. The eggs that are not excreted can cause severe complications such as liver fibrosis (scarring), hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of the liver and spleen), and intestinal damage.
Symptoms of schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum include abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stool, and, in chronic cases, portal hypertension and liver dysfunction. The infection is diagnosed by detecting parasite eggs in stool samples or through blood tests.
Treatment for schistosomiasis involves the antiparasitic drug praziquantel, which effectively kills the adult worms. Preventive strategies focus on improved sanitation, snail control, and avoiding contact with contaminated freshwater in endemic areas.
