Tunga penetrans, commonly known as the jigger flea or sand flea, is a parasitic flea that causes tungiasis, a skin infestation that primarily affects the feet. This flea is found in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. The female jigger flea burrows into the skin of its host, usually on the soles of the feet or under the toenails, where it feeds and lays eggs, causing a small, painful lesion.
Tungiasis presents with itching, pain, inflammation, and a characteristic black dot at the center of the lesion where the flea is embedded. As the flea swells with eggs, the lesion enlarges, causing discomfort and difficulty walking. In severe or untreated cases, tungiasis can lead to secondary infections, ulceration, and even gangrene, particularly in people with limited access to healthcare.
Treatment for tungiasis involves careful removal of the flea from the skin, followed by disinfection of the site to prevent secondary infections. In some cases, topical or systemic antibiotics may be needed. Preventive measures include wearing closed shoes in endemic areas, using insect repellents, and maintaining clean, dry living conditions. Community health initiatives focused on sanitation and education have proven effective in reducing the prevalence of tungiasis in affected regions.