Angiostrongylus cantonensis, commonly known as the rat lungworm, is a parasitic roundworm that causes eosinophilic meningitis, a type of meningitis characterized by an increased number of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) in the cerebrospinal fluid. This parasite is primarily found in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and parts of the Americas. Humans become infected by ingesting larvae present in raw or undercooked snails, slugs, frogs, or freshwater shrimp, which act as intermediate hosts.
Once ingested, the larvae can migrate to the brain, where they elicit an inflammatory response, leading to symptoms of eosinophilic meningitis. Common symptoms include severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, and neurological symptoms such as tingling or pain in the skin. In most cases, the infection resolves on its own, but in severe cases, it can lead to long-term neurological complications and, rarely, death.
Treatment for eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis is primarily supportive, as there is no specific antiparasitic treatment for this infection. Pain relievers and corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. Preventive measures include avoiding the consumption of raw or undercooked snails, slugs, and other intermediate hosts and thoroughly washing produce that may have come into contact with these animals. Public health education on food safety and awareness of transmission risks is essential to prevent infection in endemic regions.
