Aspergillus fumigatus is a common mold that causes aspergillosis, an infection that primarily affects the respiratory system. This mold is found in soil, compost, and decaying organic matter, and its spores are frequently airborne. Most people inhale Aspergillus spores daily without issue, but in immunocompromised individuals or those with existing lung conditions, exposure to A. fumigatus can lead to infections ranging from mild to severe.
Aspergillosis has several forms, with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) affecting individuals with asthma or cystic fibrosis, causing allergic reactions in the lungs with symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis can cause lung cavities and persistent cough, often accompanied by weight loss and fatigue. The most severe form is invasive aspergillosis, which can spread to other organs and is life-threatening, particularly in those with weakened immune systems.
Treatment of aspergillosis depends on the form and severity. Antifungal medications, such as voriconazole or amphotericin B, are used to treat invasive infections, while corticosteroids may help manage allergic forms like ABPA. Preventive measures for high-risk individuals include avoiding areas with high mold concentrations and, in hospital settings, using HEPA filters to reduce exposure. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment are critical for managing symptoms and preventing progression, especially in vulnerable populations.
