Bartonella henselae is a bacterial pathogen that causes cat scratch disease (CSD), a typically mild infection transmitted to humans through the scratch or bite of a cat infected with the bacteria. Cats acquire B. henselae from fleas, which can spread the bacteria among cats, especially in warm climates where flea infestations are common. Humans are indirectly infected when a cat’s claws or teeth carry bacteria-laden flea dirt (feces) into a scratch or bite wound.
Cat scratch disease generally begins with a small bump or blister at the site of the scratch or bite, followed by swollen, tender lymph nodes near the area of contact, often in the underarm, neck, or groin regions. Other symptoms may include fever, fatigue, and headache. In most cases, CSD is mild and self-limiting, but in rare cases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, it can lead to complications such as liver or spleen inflammation, eye infections, or neurological symptoms.
Treatment for mild CSD typically focuses on symptom relief, though antibiotics like azithromycin may be prescribed in more severe cases. Preventive measures include regular flea control for cats and avoiding rough play with cats that could lead to scratches or bites. Educating cat owners on proper flea management and handling practices is essential to reduce the risk of transmission.
