Brugia malayi is a parasitic worm responsible for causing lymphatic filariasis, much like its counterpart Wuchereria bancrofti. This parasite is transmitted to humans via the bites of infected mosquitoes, primarily from the Mansonia and Anopheles species. Once inside the human host, the larvae of Brugia malayi migrate to the lymphatic system, where they mature into adult worms that can reside in the lymph nodes and vessels. The obstruction of lymph flow caused by these adult worms leads to chronic swelling, lymphedema, and damage to the lymphatic system. In particular, this parasite tends to affect the lower limbs, but other parts of the body, such as the arms and genitalia, can also be impacted.
Lymphatic filariasis caused by Brugia malayi results in similar symptoms to that of Wuchereria bancrofti, including swelling, inflammation, and tissue thickening, a condition that can progress to elephantiasis if untreated. Though this form of the disease is less common globally than infections caused by W. bancrofti, it is endemic to parts of Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Treatment often involves a combination of antiparasitic drugs, such as diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin, coupled with albendazole, which can eliminate the microfilariae and halt disease progression. Early intervention is essential in preventing long-term damage and improving the quality of life for those affected. Reducing mosquito exposure through insecticide-treated nets and vector control also plays a crucial role in preventing transmission.
