Gnathostoma spinigerum is a parasitic roundworm that causes gnathostomiasis, a foodborne infection primarily found in Southeast Asia, Japan, and some parts of Latin America. Humans typically acquire this parasite by consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish, eels, frogs, or poultry containing the larvae. Once ingested, the larvae migrate through various tissues, causing localized and sometimes severe symptoms as they travel.
The symptoms of gnathostomiasis depend on the location of the migrating larvae. Common initial symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. As the larvae migrate through the skin, they can cause subcutaneous swellings that are painful, itchy, and may move to different parts of the body. In more serious cases, the larvae may invade the central nervous system, causing neurological complications such as paralysis, seizures, or even death.
Treatment for gnathostomiasis usually involves the use of antiparasitic medications like albendazole or ivermectin, though surgical removal of the larvae may be necessary in some cases. Preventive measures include avoiding the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater fish and other potential hosts, as well as raising awareness about food safety practices in endemic areas to reduce infection risks.
