Mansonella perstans is a filarial parasite that causes mansonelliasis, a chronic and often underreported infection found in parts of Africa, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. This parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected midges (Culicoides species). Once inside the human host, the larvae mature into adult worms and produce microfilariae, which circulate in the bloodstream and sometimes settle in body tissues, causing persistent, low-grade infections.
Symptoms of mansonelliasis caused by M. perstans vary and may be mild or asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they can include itching, skin rashes, joint pain, headaches, abdominal pain, and, in some cases, swelling around the face and limbs due to localized inflammation. Unlike other filarial infections, M. perstans infections rarely lead to severe complications, but they can cause significant discomfort and reduce quality of life, especially in endemic areas with high infection rates.
Treatment options for M. perstans infections are limited, as the parasite is somewhat resistant to standard antiparasitic drugs like ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Albendazole may be used in combination therapy to reduce the parasite load, though treatment efficacy varies. Preventive measures include controlling midge populations and protecting against bites through insect repellents and wearing protective clothing, particularly in endemic regions.
