Parastrongylus costaricensis, also known as the rat lungworm, is a parasitic nematode that causes abdominal angiostrongyliasis, a rare but serious infection primarily affecting the intestines. This parasite is found mainly in Central and South America and is transmitted to humans through accidental ingestion of larvae, often present on contaminated vegetables or water, or by consuming raw or undercooked intermediate hosts like snails, slugs, or other small animals.
Abdominal angiostrongyliasis primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally a mass in the abdomen that mimics appendicitis or other abdominal conditions. The larvae of P. costaricensis migrate through the intestinal wall and can cause intense inflammation, leading to severe pain and, in some cases, intestinal obstruction or hemorrhage.
Treatment is primarily supportive, as antiparasitic drugs may worsen the inflammatory response. Pain management, anti-inflammatory medications, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to address complications. Preventive measures include thoroughly washing vegetables, avoiding raw or undercooked intermediate hosts, and practicing good hygiene in areas where the parasite is endemic.
